Eratosthenes is also known for his achievement in astronomy. Geography consisted of eight volumes. Eratosthenes' method of measuring Earth's circumference, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eratosthenes, Famous Scientists - Biography of Eratosthenes, Ancient History Encyclopedia - Biography of Eratosthenes, Eratosthenes - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). This method consisted of creating a table with natural numbers between 2 and the desired quantity. Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276 BCE192 or 194 BCE) was an ancient Greek mathematician, poet, and astronomer who is known as the father of geography. One of the Greeks primary contributions to oceanography and seafaring is the latitude/longitude system. Eratosthenes (c. 276194 bce), who had prepared a map of the Nile valley southward to the latitude of modern Khartoum, anticipated the correct answer when he reported that heavy rains had been observed to fall in the upper reaches of the river and that these History at your fingertips Oceanography Chapter 1 Oceanography Oceanus would be a better name for Earth, since oceans cover 70% surface (most major cities, resources, etc. In 1870, Dr. C. Wyville Thomson suggested that the Royal Society of London ask the British government for the use of one of its ships for an extended . The fourth is the prominent grammarian Aristophanes of Byzantium, who succeeded Eratosthenes as head of the Library of Alexandria. The technology geographers and other scientists use to study the physical and cultural environments spatially and over time is with geospatial technology. In this work, which for the first time described the geography of the entire inhabited world as it was then known, Eratosthenes of Kyrene (ca. The first recorded use of the word geography was by Eratosthenes, a Greek scholar who lived from 276-194 BC who is credited with creating the discipline of geography (Eratosthenes' Geography. The inscription that Eratosthenes made in the mesolabe that he gave to Ptolemy III, said: "This you have at hand, friend, if you want to get double a small cube, or that transformation into any other solid figure, and also if you measure in this way an enclosure or a silo or the concave cavity of a well when you take the concurrences means between extreme limits within double rules . He was called Pentathlos, a title given to those who were victors in the five tests of the Olympic games, because he dedicated himself to cultivating all areas of knowledge. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. He reportedly fell into despair, and he is said to have committed suicide by voluntary starvation in 194 as a result. Then numbers that are not prime are discarded. This algorithm is known in mathematics as the Sieve of Eratosthenes. The first person to determine the size of Earth was Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who produced a surprisingly good measurement using a simple scheme that combined geometrical calculations with physical observations. PDF Chimica Con Metodo Per Le Scuole Superiori Con E Book Con Espansione Eratosthenes (D.W.) Roller (ed., Trans.) Cnidus, 342337 BC), Greek mathematician and astronomer who significantly advanced proportion theory, contributed to the identification of constellations in the Greek world and thus the development of observational astronomy, and created the first sophisticated, geometrical model of celestial motion. Eratosthenes' "Geography". Although these tables have not survived, it is claimed that twelve books of tables of chords were written by Hipparchus. According to Strabo, Eratosthenes argued against the Greek-Barbarian dichotomy. Eratosthenes proposed a simple algorithm for finding prime numbers. On the basis of this Contribution of Greeks to Mathematical and Physical Geography! They made the earliest form of navigational or oceanographic map, called stick charts. Then he continued: "And do not try to understand the intricate tasks of the Archytas cylinders or the triple cuts of the cone of Menechmus or what the curved figure of the divine Eudoxus describes in its lines, because in these tablets you will easily find thousands of means even starting from poor start . In his work Geographika, Eratosthenes described and made maps of the known territories. Eratosthenes contributions to Mathematics are very notable and well known. Kerry Liverpool Supporters Club, Required fields are marked *. He sketched, quite accurately, the route of the Nile to Khartoum, showing the two Ethiopian tributaries. Isaac, Benjamin. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2010. He also calculated the Earth's circumference and was off by less than 150 miles in his. Eratosthenes was born in approximately 276 BC. Your email address will not be published. He lived in Athens until Ptolemy Evergetes, the king of Egypt, commissioned Eratosthenes to run the Library of Alexandria, which became the most important center of knowledge in the region. Eratosthenes' other contributions include: The Sieve of Eratosthenes as a way of finding prime numbers. Was the father of geography? - sdnimik.bluejeanblues.net The actual circumference of the Earth is 24,874 miles (40,032 kilometers). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In Athens he met so many philosophers that he was both amazed and overwhelmed. Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician, geographer, astronomer & poet. He returned to Cyrene and made such a name for himself in scholarly endeavors that the Greek ruler of Egypt brought him to Alexandria to tutor his son. Calculated the Earth's circumference: 40,000 km (24,840 mi) More precise, modern measurement: 40,032 km (24,860 mi) Eratosthenes' most famous contribution to science was his calculation of the circumference of the Earth, which he completed while working on the second volume of his "Geography.". Eratosthenes who made observations at Syene (Aswan) and Alexandria calculated the circumference of the earth as 250,000 stadia (25,000 miles). He had inclination toward arts as well as music and poetry composition. Eratosthenes' other contributions include: The Sieve of Eratosthenes as a way of finding prime numbers. 2006. These six geographers are noteworthy for their contribution to the science of geography. According to Macrobious, Eratosthenes made the diameter of the Sun to be about 27 times that of the Earth. In number theory, he introduced the sieve of Eratosthenes, an efficient method of identifying prime numbers. He developed Read more. He calculated the Earths circumference. Research into physical oceanography included Strabo, who observed volcanic activity and concluded that land was not totally static. Several astronomers and mathematicians before and after Eratosthenes tried to accurately measure the circumference of the Earth, but is was Eratosthenes that came through. Unfortunately, other than a few scraps, little remains of Eratosthenes original work. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. At Syene (now Aswn), some 800 km (500 miles) southeast of Alexandria in Egypt, the Suns rays fall vertically at noon at the summer solstice. Who Can Benefit From Diaphragmatic Breathing? Contributions of Greeks in the field of Physical Geography: The Greeks made remarkable development in the field of physical geography. Scientific Oceanography James Cook - 1768- HMS Endeavor very talented navigator, cartographer, writer, artist diplomat, sailor, scientist, dietition Scientific Contributions: 1. Eratosthenes also calculated the Sun's diameter. He created a longitude and latitude system, as well as a map of the world. establishing a center for the study of marine science and navigation in Portugal. Contributions of Arab Geographers - Exclusive Notes on Geography Using his discoveries and knowledge of its size and shape, he began to sketch it. The word for Earth in Greek is geo, so we call this idea a geocentric theory. Eratosthenes' Geography. Aves, A., Magill, F. and Moose, C. (1998). Humboldt and Kant. The geometry of the situation is sketched at the right. Under Ptolemaic rule the economy prospered, based largely on the export of horses and silphium, a plant used for rich seasoning and medicine. [23] Strabo says that Eratosthenes was wrong to claim that Alexander had disregarded the counsel of his advisers. Eratosthenes was the founder of scientific chronology;[5] he used Egyptian and Persian records to estimate the dates of the main events of the mythical Trojan War, dating the sack of Troy to 1183 BC. Read about the life of Eratosthenes. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. He could then use simple proportions to find the Earths circumference 7.2 degrees is 1/50 of 360 degrees, so 800 times 50 equals 40,000 kilometers. They also expanded the studies in Sophocles. In the text, he described the inhabited earth and the people who lived there. [2], Eratosthenes believed there was both good and bad in every nation and criticized Aristotle for arguing that humanity was divided into Greeks and barbarians, as well as for arguing that the Greeks should keep themselves racially pure. How did the Egyptians contribute to oceanography? In 1609 he published Astronomia Nova, delineating his discoveries, which are now called Keplers first two laws of planetary motion. What does chronology mean in geography? - egszz.churchrez.org Ocean exploration - Wikipedia Eratosthenes was born in Cyrene which is now in Libya in North Africa. They also were among the first people to use astronomical observations of the stars to help them navigate across the ocean. Zihuatanejo Beach Shawshank, Definition. Oceanography 100 Karen Baker Quiz #2. Who is responsible for the first measurement of the circumference of the Earth? Alfred Hettner, who inherited the concept of chorology, further developed it. NASA - Eratosthenes Crater and the Lunar Timescale Cyrene was absorbed into the Ptolemaic monarchy of Egypt, which ruled from Alexandria, the cultural and commercial center of the Mediterranean. There he first coined the term "geography" and used his discoveries regarding the size and shape of the earth to represent it. There it remained, approximately, for 25 years. He also realized that streams eroded continents and deposited sediments into the ocean. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The largest geographic feature on the surface of Planet Earth is _____., The important contribution to navigation made by Eratosthenes in the third century BC was _____., The explorer who advanced oceanography by introducing systematic soundings, or depth measurements, was _____.
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