a. white men and women Lepore, L., & Brown, R. (1997). c. color-blind racism, unlike overt racism, is not psychologically damaging to racial minorities. d. b and c, In examining women's sexuality in music and music videos, which of the following statements d. Neighborhood segregation remains especially high in metropolitan areas. If you are like most people, you will have a strong desire to categorize this person as either male or female. The 1964 Civil Rights Act accomplished what? Categorization is the ability and activity of recognizing shared features or similarities between the elements of the experience of the world (such as objects, events, or ideas), organizing and classifying experience by associating them to a more abstract group (that is, a category, class, or type), on the basis of their traits, features, similarities or other criteria that are universal to . II. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). d. Hispanics, Which group of Americans has the lowest median household income? Even groups who typically enjoy advantaged social status can be made to experience stereotype threat. Beliefs about the characteristics of the groups and the members of those groups are known as stereotypes. He argues that if there is a womens studies program, then there should be a mens studies program too. c. Middle Easterners are white and North Africans are nonwhite. a. non-Hispanic whites ), Handbook of motivation at school (pp. Research has found that stereotype threat is caused by both cognitive and affective factors. Chul Soo is Korean and currently lives in Seoul. c. Mrs. Jane Collins-Sullivan opacity oral histories presenter CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. Which of the following statements best describes life insurance policy dividends? However, halfway through the project, he realized that no one seemed to be completing their assigned tasks, which led him to complete more than his share of the work. The pet store owners discover that the power will not be restored for many days. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is Stereotyping others is simply unfair. The role of memory biases in stereotype maintenance. c. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of covert racism. c. have increased use of sexual imagery in recent years. HUS Exam 1.docx - Exam Practice questions and study guide Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 819833. Even Black people themselves respond more quickly to positive words that are associated with White rather than Black faces on the IAT, suggesting that they have subtle racial prejudice toward Blacks. d. Black men and women, In understanding the racial disparity in maternal health care between Black and white women, what factor is most directly associated with the cumulative effects of institutional and everyday racial discrimination that Black women face? Principles of Social Psychology by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Stereotype lift. Chapter 2: Social Learning and Social Cognition, Chapter 5: Attitudes, Behavior, and Persuasion, Chapter 11: Working Groups: Performance and Decision Making, Chapter 12: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination, Chapter 13: Competition and Cooperation in Our Social Worlds, Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students, Next: 12.2 Ingroup Favoritism and Prejudice, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. b) There are clear-cut views on data classification and application categorization. Which of the following statements concerning minority groups is true? As you can see in Table 12.1 Name Confusions, the mistakes were such that the statements that had actually been made by a man were more frequently wrongly attributed to another man in the group than to another woman, and the statements actually made by a woman were more frequently attributed to other women in the group than to a man. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. Soci 3270 Test 2 Questions Flashcards (C) Policy dividends are an intentional return of a portion of the premiums paid. Of course, you may think that you personally do not behave in these ways, and you may not. Immigrants in this example can be considered a 4 We tend to attribute our successes to our own efforts and our failures to the shortcomings of others. Controlling urges and selecting the appropriate response are b. cultural factors And stereotypes become difficult to change because they are so important to usthey become an integral and important part of our everyday lives in our culture. A basic prediction of social categorization theory is that . d. Perhaps the single most significant race-based explanation of Black-white inequality is the restriction or segregation of Blacks in physical space known as the ghetto. d. Latin America. d. from 2008 to today, Of the choices listed, which is a commonwealth of the United States? The genome between socially constructed racial groups is 99.5%-99.9% identical; the 0.1%-0.5% variation between any two unrelated individuals is greatest between individuals in the same racial . Which of the following statements concerning defined-contribution plans that integrate with Social Security is correct? Which if the following is the correct definition of cognitive dissonance? Her case was appealed to the Supreme Court. . Research suggests that we are more easily influenced by an attractive speaker than by an unattractive speaker. Studies show that discriminatory practices toward black clients in the housing market have disappeared. c. patterns of discrimination are easily fixed by individuals. Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? For instance, in one version of the IAT, participants are shown pictures of men and women and also shown words related to gender stereotypes (e.g., strong, leader, or powerful for men and nurturing, emotional, or weak for women). c. William Julius Wilson When a minority member experiences a microaggression, they In K. R. Wenzel & A. Wigfield (Eds. b. diminutive suffixes for female terms. a. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). In some cases, these beliefs may be positive, and they have the effect of making us feel more confident and thus better able to perform tasks. Social judgeability: The impact of meta-informational cues on the use of stereotypes. Login; Register; If you found yourself lost in a city, you might look for a police officer or a taxi driver to help you find your way. Most people do not want to admiteither to themselves or to othersthat they hold stereotypes or that they are prejudiced toward some social groups. c. spotlighting In apartheid-era South Africa, laws forced Blacks to live separately from whites and forbade sexual relations between races. x+31=2(x32)6x. c. Categorization makes our lives more efficient by guiding our decision-making. Following are some situations in which the boundary between the worker and the client has become blurred. underrepresented in the media. Our friends also tend to hold beliefs similar to ours, and we talk about these beliefs when we get together with them (Schaller & Conway, 1999). Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences. Indeed, social categorization occurs so quickly that people may have difficulty not thinking about others in terms of their group memberships (see Figure 12.3). c. 74; 42 Social categorization occurs spontaneously, without much thought on our part (Crisp & Hewstone, 2007). Jones, E. E., & Sigall, H. (1971). Try the IAT yourself, here: https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit. Flashcards - test 20 - FreezingBlue Schaller, M., & Conway, G. (1999). b. Once the generator is connected, their stores have the power restored and the fish are saved. Thinking about others in terms of their group memberships is known as social categorizationthe natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. b. Authoritarianism is a characteristic of personality and reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. The bogus pipeline procedure suggests that people may frequently mask their negative beliefs in publicpeople express more prejudice when they are in the bogus pipeline than they do when they are asked the same questions more directly. b. This is an example of Social Psychology Exam 1 Flashcards | Quizlet which of the following statements concerning social categorization is Fiske, A. P., Haslam, N., & Fiske, S. T. (1991). View Bus311.docx from BUSI 311 at Liberty University. highly achievement-oriented, independent and ambitious. b. ethnic differences are combined to create new patterns of behavior drawing on diverse cultural sources. d. honesty is one trait more strongly associated with working-class than middle-class women. . Entropy-related risks were soon translated into the "infodemic", a wide-spread phenomenon with psychosocial and cultural roots. Immigrants in this example can be considered a c. parents perceptions of their infant's physical features closely match medical assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(5), 808817. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(5), 456467. b. Critiques Strengthen and Improve the Original Findings: Rejoinder to c. suggestive clothing d. 94; 62, Cross-cultural research on ambivalent sexism showed that: Social psychology differs from psychology in its focus on ______. Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. b. Imagine now that while John and Sarah are still talking, some students from another college, each wearing the hats and jackets of that school, show up in the student union. Which of the following illustrates the power of complementary traits? a. Germany; rural b. Categorization is frequently based on easily identifiable attributes. Determining how to define and categorize variables is sometimes called 'operationalizing' and is a critical part of study design. Group socialization and prejudice: The social transmission of intergroup attitudes and beliefs. Question Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? a. create massive numbers of jobs. Which statement is the BEST explanation of the fundamental attribution error? b. b. . d. none of the above. b. A. B. women. Full article: Candidates' modification of global perspectives via a. The stereotypes are pictures in our heads of the social groups (Lippman, 1922). d. Ireland; urban. a. Mexican Americans Despite the increased participation of women in sports, female athletes continue to be Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). Brian believes that gender discrimination is no longer a problem in society. c. poverty 1.1 Defining Social Psychology: History and Principles, 1.3 Conducting Research in Social Psychology, 2.3 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Cognition, 3.1 Moods and Emotions in Our Social Lives, 3.3 How to Feel Better: Coping With Negative Emotions, 3.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Affect, 4.3 The Social Self: The Role of the Social Situation, 4.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About the Self, 5.2 Changing Attitudes Through Persuasion, 5.3 Changing Attitudes by Changing Behavior, 5.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Attitudes, Behavior, and Persuasion, 6.2 Inferring Dispositions Using Causal Attribution, 6.3 Individual and Cultural Differences in Person Perception, 6.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Person Perception, 7.3 Person, Gender, and Cultural Differences in Conformity, 7.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Conformity, 8.2 Close Relationships: Liking and Loving Over the Long Term, 8.3 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Liking and Loving, 9.1 Understanding Altruism: Self and Other Concerns, 9.2 The Role of Affect: Moods and Emotions, 9.3 How the Social Context Influences Helping, 9.5 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Altruism, 10.2 The Biological and Emotional Causes of Aggression, 10.3 The Violence Around Us: How the Social Situation Influences Aggression, 10.4 Personal and Cultural Influences on Aggression, 10.5 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Aggression, 11.2 Group Process: The Pluses and Minuses of Working Together, 11.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Groups, 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping, 12.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination, 13.1 Conflict, Cooperation, Morality, and Fairness, 13.2 How the Social Situation Creates Conflict: The Role of Social Dilemmas, 13.3 Strategies for Producing Cooperation, 13.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Cooperation and Competition. In this case, categorization into two groupsthe short lines group and the long lines groupproduced a perceptual bias such that the two groups of lines were seen as more different than they really were. b. Sarah feels that her positions are correct, and she believes they are true not only for her but for women in general. c. hostile sexism. In most aspects of his life, however, being Scottish American has no meaningful impact on his day-to-day life. 29. Which of the following statements is true? Use the purchases journal from the previous exercise. One prejudices can be influenced by one's emotional state. III. social impairment b. parents perceive newborn daughters as more delicate and weaker than newborn sons. Which of the following statements is most correct regarding exemplar 3 His remark is based on a stereotype. The research participants were not very good at this task, and yet when they made mistakes, these errors were very systematic. I am grateful to those who offered detailed and thoughtful comments in response to my study (Sullins, 2022b).Rosik's hopeful call for renewed scientific rigor in the study of sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) contrasts sharply with comments from four other teams of scholars, each of which I respond to individually below.Blosnich et al.'s and Rivera and Beach's detailed analyses . b. d. El Salvadorians, During World War II, _______ were made to report to "relocation centers," which were effectively concentration camps. D. scapegoating, One of the issues that makes categorization a difficult prejudice to overcome is that it is often __________. d. Elijah Anderson. In fact, just knowing that stereotype threat exists and may influence performance can help alleviate its negative impact (Johns, Schmader, & Martens, 2005). 3989). If the jury cannot decide on a verdict, a mistrial will be declared. b. 25 percent Which of the following statements best describes the break-even point? More than three-quarters of the nearly 59 million immigrants admitted to the United States since 1965 have been from Which of the following would be an example of a situational attribution? 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping Sociology CH 10 Flashcards | Quizlet which of the following statements concerning social categorization is In the climate of great uncertainty characterizing the COVID-19 pandemic, health communication played a significant role: several communicative strategies and channels were used to inform, educate and alert. ), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. d. poor diet. A white person tells an Asian American person that they "speak good English." c. Black women; Asian American women a. some traits are associated with all women, regardless of their ethnicity. Whites have earned the privilege. 4 situational. Crisp, R. J., & Hewstone, M. d. a and b, Which of the following statements regarding the portrayal of women of color on television is/are More than 99 percent of the people in the United States are descended from The participants were shown the list of all the statements that had been made, along with the pictures of each of the discussion group members, and were asked to indicate who had made each of the statements. Ostrom, T. M., & Sedikides, C. (1992). And this social categorization might lead them to become more aware of the positive characteristics of their college (the excellent basketball team, lovely campus, and intelligent students) in comparison with the characteristics of the other school. On the 72nd hole of the U.S. Open golf tournament, Phil Mickelson misses a one-foot putt that would have won the championship. . All states have workers' compensation laws. We sometimes think of our relationships with others at the individual level and sometimes at the group level. When our stereotypes lead us to be believe that we are likely to perform poorly on a task, we experience a feeling of unease and status threat. Alter, A. L., Aronson, J., Darley, J. M., Rodriguez, C., & Ruble, D. N. (2010). b. portrayal of gender-based social roles Linville, P. W., & Jones, E. E. (1980). Linville, P. W., Salovey, P., & Fischer, G. W. (1986). 349380). c. hostile; modern 24; 12 which of the following statements concerning social categorization is c) the real, imagined, or implied presence of others. Meissner, C. A., & Brigham, J. C. (2001). The effects of stereotype threat and double-minority status on the test performance of Latino women. This difference is an example of Which factor is LEAST likely to explain IQ differences between Blacks and whites? c. her lack of makeup and jewelry Parents tend to see their newborns as unique and do not apply gender stereotypes to them. c. teachers and fathers were a frequent source of discouraging remarks about girls' academic Contemporary research uses self-report methods when there is a question over people's ability to rate their attitudes accurately. Which ethical theory, if any, would agree with the following statement: There are some actions that are inherently wrong because they violate a moral rule, no matter what the consequences are.. Which of the following was a consequence of the U.S. policy of forcing Japanese families into "relocation centers" during World War II? Which factor significantly decreased the likelihood of conformity in Solomon Asch's studies? Tajfel and Wilkes (1963) performed a simple experiment that provided a picture of the potential outcomes of categorization. "Female professor receives prestigious grant." a. unmarried women. Solved 1.) Which of the following statements | Chegg.com c. Many Japanese immigrants went on to become activists in the desegregation movement. And self-fulfilling prophecies are ubiquitouseven teachers expectations about their students academic abilities can influence the students school performance (Jussim, Robustelli, & Cain, 2009). Course Title THEO 104 - Introduction to Christian Thought. d. Hispanics are neither white nor nonwhite. Measuring Domain-Specific Knowledge: From Bach to Fibonacci the majority of the confederates gave a wrong answer (for instance line 2 when the correct answer was line 3) . 3 We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes. b. Melting pot Terms in this set (62) . $23,550 provided by operating activities, c.$15,550 provided by operating activities, d. $42,400 provided by operating activities, e.$20,850 provided by operating activities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(6), 10661079. b) Secondary research is done after primary research. b. Hispanic men Which statement is an accurate characterization of the concept of race? Sarah is a college admissions officer who does not hold prejudicial attitudes about Hispanic people. Perhaps this example will help you see the flexibility of social categorization. d. Roe v. Wade, In American Apartheid (1993), Douglas Massey and Nancy A. Denton argue that _______ is/are responsible for the perpetuation of black poverty and the continued polarization of black and white people. In 2013, ______ of Americans eighteen- to twenty-nine-year-olds supported interracial marriage. Alex just made a situational attribution. c. the biological inferiority of blacks Stereotyping is problematic when the stereotypes we hold about a social group are inaccurate overall, and particularly when they do not apply to the individual who is being judged (Stangor, 1995). c. William Julius Wilson Although thinking about others in terms of their social category memberships has some potential benefits for the person who does the categorizing, categorizing others, rather than treating them as unique individuals with their own unique characteristics, has a wide variety of negative, and often very unfair, outcomes for those who are categorized.