swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and

Other bandleaders used Brazilian and Afro-Cuban music with big band instrumentation, and big bands led by arranger Gil Evans, saxophonist John Coltrane (on the album Ascension from 1965) and bass guitarist Jaco Pastorius introduced cool jazz, free jazz and jazz fusion, respectively, to the big band domain. Which white swing clarinetist and bandleader, who spent as much of his early career as he could in Harlem, once said, "I was actually leading the life of a Negro musician"? 1920s as a blending of blues, ragtime, and civic brass band traditions, then this Transcontinental trips often required a stop in one of these cities. That makes them the shrimp or Andouille sausage in the Gumbo that is swing music. African American big band arrangers such as Fletcher Henderson and Eddie Durham were major contributors to the success of white bandleaders such as Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw, and Glen Miller. The Cotton Club, Harlem, New York City, early 1930s. By 1937, the "sweet jazz band" saxophonist Shep Fields was also featured over the airways on the NBC radio network in his Rippling Rhythm Revue, which also showcased a young Bob Hope as the announcer. photo by Patricia Schneider. In the fifties, the emergence of rock-and-roll would capture broad attention as jazz moved in new artistic directions. The successful bands of the Swing Era featured carefully composed arrangements that held many talented players together. Ella Fitzgerald, the featured vocalist of Chick Webbs Orchestra during the late 1930s, is considered to be one of the most outstanding singers of the swing era. For the trumpet and trombone players, the most common configuration is 2-1-3-4, from the director's . Bandleader Charlie Barnet's recording of "Cherokee" in 1942 and "The Moose" in 1943 have been called the beginning of the bop era. He was a pianist, accompanist, and music director for blues singers, dancers, and comedians. A unique feature of this style was the use of riffs performed as call and response between woodwinds and brass as an integral part of the arrangement heard in Bennie Motens Moten Swing (1932) and Count Basies One OClock Jump (1937). Lester Young & Herschel Evans. You Here are the five most common swing band instruments, and how they commonly fit into swing music. By the 1930s, these and other cities became major centers for the development of the swing style. [14][12][13] [15][16][17][18], Twenty-first century big bands can be considerably larger than their predecessors, exceeding 20 players, with some European bands using 29 instruments and some reaching 50. In 1927, he taught music at Manassas High School in Memphis and organized a student jazz band. (Change the second verb to the future progressive form.). This is where one section (say, the brass section, i.e., trumpets and trombones) would play a musical phrase and then be "answered" by another section (say, the saxes); the first phrase is the call, the answer is the response (like a musical conversation). Among all the jazz vocalists that followed, most cite her as having the most influence on their scatting style. They had Count Basie, they had Benny Moten, they had George Lee, they had Junior Lee, they had Lester Young, they had Walter Brown., What I heard in that first nine-piece Basie band was the sort of free, swinging jazz that I have always preferred. Big band - Wikipedia [19], It is useful to distinguish between the roles of composer, arranger and leader. History of Swing Bands Timeline of African American Music Samplephonics Soulful Brass Constructions Swing Shift: All Girl Bands of the 1940s. endstream endobj 1558 0 obj <>stream A prominent feature of swing music is a leading brass section, which is often provided by a trumpet. until you reach Swing was almost entirely commercial and part of the mass entertainment industry. Figure 1: The Western Jazz Quartet (piano: 3. Other methods of embellishing the form include modulations and cadential extensions. Jazz Big Band Grinnell College Musical Instrument Collection Here are the five most common swing band instruments, and how they commonly fit into swing music. So the Swing Era was during the Depression and it acted as a kind of counter-statement or rebellion against the unemployment and misery that the Depression caused. In the 1960s and 1970s, big band rock became popular by integrating such musical ingredients as progressive rock experimentation, jazz fusion, and the horn choirs often used in blues and soul music, with some of the most prominent groups including Chicago; Blood, Sweat and Tears; Tower of Power; and, from Canada, Lighthouse. the jukebox The popular appeal of Benny Goodman's Trio and Quartet had a good deal to do with the extroverted energy of Lionel Hampton and Gene Krupa woodwinds (saxophones, clarinets), brass (trumpets, trombones) and a back-up Trumpets feature a hollow brass tube that is doubles back on itself twice. [26], Typical big band arrangements from the swing era were written in strophic form with the same phrase and chord structure repeated several times. Bob Hope, Shep Fields and The Rippling Rhythm Revue", Photograph of Bob Hope as master of ceremonies on the "Rippling Rhythm Revue" Show in 1937 on Gettyimages, State University of New York, Fredonia. In addition, Miller had a radio program and made motion pictures. Benny GOODMAN (1909-1986): Sing, Sing, Sing! II era. New York in the late 1920s. She recorded with various jazz orchestras, including her own (Long Gone Blues, 1939) and those led by Benny Goodman (Your Mothers Son-in-Law, 1933) and Teddy Wilson (Sugar, 1939). Charlie PARKER and Dizzy of jazz Whiteman started his first band in San Francisco in 1918 and his fame spread into the 1920s. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. I am Joaqun/Yo Soy Joaqun was first published in 1967. grooves), - Williams is considered one of the great jazz pianists and one of the greatest performers from Kansas City. (Click on the titles of the pieces (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
. Coast" Cool Jazz emerged, using The piece Hotter Than That There was a quality to her voice that fascinated me, and Id sing along with her, trying to catch the subtle ways she shaded her voice, the casual yet clean way she sang the words., A lot of singers think all they have to do is exercise their tonsils to get ahead. Their styles are uniquely different, yet both helped shape the definition of the pure jazz singer. YouTube clip with basic piano chords, click here to see a YouTube Much like the stock in Gumbo, it provides an essential rhythmic and harmonic element in swing music. Up until the Swing Era improvisation was essentially just playing the melody with some embellishments. "Call and Response" was a common musical device. The term "big band" is also used to describe a genre of music, although this was not the . began to emerge from the vocal blues Fitzgerald was unique in her ability to render exact imitations of nearly any instrument in the band. (5) tromboneJoe Nanton, and (6) clarinetBarney Bigard. These ensembles typically featured three or more accordions accompanied by piano, guitar, bass, cello, percussion, and marimba with vibes and were popularized by recording artists such as Charles Magnante,[10][11] Joe Biviano[12][13] and John Serry. are described below. Which of the following changes occurred in the rhythm section during the 1930s? As the soloistic improvisations intensified, bebop players such as saxophonist Charlie "Bird" PARKER often It was all about showmanship which is epitomised by people like Cab Calloway and Fats Waller. in its strictest (As told to Albert Murray). Jazz began in New Orleans in the But Chick Webbs band would cut them., The one radio voice that I listened to above others belonged to Ella Fitzgerald. The most prominent features of big band swing were the use of written arrangements and improvised solos, repetitive horn riffs, call and response between the brass and reed sections, and a rhythmic drive derived from walking and/or boogie-woogie type bass lines. The Glenn Miller band was one of the most popular bands of the Swing Era. art form--a unique blending of West African and Western European/American While each instrument in a swing band can be compared to an ingredient in Gumbo, none of them have been equated with the seasoning so far. counting pattern over again for each successive variation of the pattern harmony. During the next decades, ballrooms filled with people doing the jitterbug and Lindy Hop. In the late 1940s, progressive Big bands generally have four sections: trumpets, trombones, saxophones, and a rhythm section of guitar, piano, double bass, and drums. Duke Ellingtons swing arrangements featured unusual timbres and capitalized on the unique style of each individual player, as illustrated in Echoes of Harlem (1936) and Take the A Train (1941). Ella Fitzgerald contributed to the success of Webbs band in New York City. From three to five plyers on each instrument might be used. sprouted up in different parts of the United States, and their uniquely Swing bands featured a large ensemble of woodwinds (saxophones, clarinets), brass (trumpets, trombones) and a back-up accompaniment (acoustic bass with piano and/or guitar). The saxophone section included two alto saxophones, two tenor saxophones, and one baritone saxophone. Hickman relied on Ferde Grof, Whiteman on Bill Challis. PDF Swing/Big Band Era (1930-1945) - Learn Jazz Standards Survey of Jazz Midterm 2 Flashcards - Cram.com Thats intentional; the individual style of each swing band is what makes the music unique, much as the seasoning used in a particular Gumbo can make it one of a kind. By the late 1930s, prosperity was returning, and records and radio were extremely helpful in publicizing jazz. Art-music composer/conductor Leonard History of Big Band Jazz | JAZZ Aspen Snowmass In 1925, bandleader Paul Whiteman harmony, structure and instrumentation. The History of Jazz. This exact format is employed today by the many high school and college jazz ensembles around the country as well as overseas. !/$v}5cliH_+B9W#PBY]C ::B) DG Ch 6-10 - Flashcards | StudyHippo.com Examples include the Vienna Art Orchestra, founded in 1977, and the Italian Instabile Orchestra, active in the 1990s. [6] The legendary Paul Whiteman also featured a solo accordion in his ensemble. Compared to Dixieland bands, swing bands used two or three times as many players and produced a fuller sound. They gave a greater role to bandleaders, arrangers, and sections of instruments rather than soloists. Rockefeller Arts Center. who specialized in less improvised tunes with more emphasis on sentimentality, featuring somewhat slower-paced, often heart-felt songs.[43]. Performers played, sang, danced, and presented shows and stand-up comedy in these large entertainment venues. John Coltrane's "hard bop" of Social life changed and large ballrooms were needed for the thousands who wanted to dance every night and large bands seemed to be the answer to filling these dance halls with music. Another interesting and important development happened with Swing improvisation. Swing bands featured orchestras with sections of trumpets, saxophones, and _________________. For this reason the pianists left hand generally just played chords on the beat; while his right hand built rhythmic patterns around chords and chord tone, and especially guide tone often just playing arpeggios or simple bluesy licks. As a result of the military draft and transportation hardships in the U.S., the swing era ended quickly. of Company B (1941). Swing Music Explained - The Jazz Piano Site This would go back and forth a number of times. Among other popular singers of the era are Sarah Vaughan and Helen Humes. Jazz Big Band Arrangements. characterized by independent instrumental lines, massive harmonic dissonance, They were knowledgeable and often biased toward their favorite bands and songs, and sometimes worshipful of famous soloists and vocalists. Later, a fifth bass trombone was often added. The major "black" bands of the 1930s included, apart from Ellington's, Hines's and Calloway's, those of Jimmie Lunceford, Chick Webb, and Count Basie. Foremost, they accentuated the movement of choreographed dancers. Until the political climate changes in Chile, Allende will write from her current home in basic chord progression of a 12-bar blues in the key of "C": (click here to see animated In the 1970s, popular fusion groups included BLOOD, SWEAT & TEARS, CHICAGO, and SANTANA And they played dance music. has undergone several stylisdtic transformations, the most significant of which There was a considerable range of styles among the hundreds of popular bands. syllables). A cheap & cheerful collection of up-tempo sax, trumpet and trombone funky licks featuring over 350 ensemble phrases, solos, trills and stabs for house, disco, electro-swing and quirky big-band-infused electronica. improvised solo structure on the choruses: (1) piano--Ellington), (2) jazz Tucker, Sherrie. Boyd Raeburn drew from symphony orchestras by adding flute, French horn, strings, and timpani to his band. Steve Zegree; sax: Trent Kynaston; bass: Tom Knific; drums: Tim Froncek). Three bypass valves over the tube can be used to lower the pitch of the trumpet. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big_band&oldid=1142698476, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 22:19. Ch 7 Quiz Flashcards | Quizlet The Ellington orchestra succeeded in part through the expert use and contribution of consistently talented and unique players. [22] Some bandleaders, such as Guy Lombardo, performed works composed by others (in Lombardo's case, often by his brother Carmen),[23] while others, such as Maria Schneider, take on all three roles. As I said before, Swing music is played by Big Bands. The band severed ties with the school in 1941 to claim professional status. to jazz, A big band typically consists of approximately 12 to 25 musicians and contains saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. Many arrangements contain an interlude, often similar in content to the introduction, inserted between some or all choruses. In Harlem, the creative and literary arts, Black musicals, and big band entertainment flourished within the movement known as the Harlem Renaissance, in which music played as great or possibly a greater role than literature. Kenton pushed the boundaries of big bands by combining clashing elements and by hiring arrangers whose ideas about music conflicted. style, boogie-woogie was born. of main line "crooners" such as Bing [37] As jazz migrated from its New Orleans origin to Chicago and New York City, energetic, suggestive dances traveled with it. His famous recording Body and Soul, recorded in 1939, is known for its continuous smooth sound. The most prominent features of big band swing were the use of written arrangements and improvised solos, repetitive horn riffs, call and response between the brass and reed sections, and a rhythmic drive derived from walking and/or boogie-woogie type bass lines. The popularity of many of the major bands was amplified by star vocalists, such as Frank Sinatra with Tommy Dorsey, Helen O'Connell and Bob Eberly with Jimmy Dorsey, Ella Fitzgerald with Chick Webb, Billie Holiday and Jimmy Rushing with Count Basie, Dick Haymes and Helen Forrest with Harry James, Doris Day with Les Brown,[40] and Peggy Lee with Benny Goodman. Ive listed someSwing Era Jazz musicians below. After 1935, big bands rose to prominence playing swing music and held a major role in defining swing as a distinctive style. emerged as piano was added to the rhythm section, and a stronger driving rhythm His sax playing is distinguished by a full tone, flowing lines, and heavy vibrato. (London: Paladin) 1987. Duke Ellington wrote a song in 1931 titled It Dont Mean a Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing), and for a generation of music lovers those were words to live by. The swing era represented the pinnacle of jazzs popularity. for hits such as Take the A Train, and Satin Doll, as well as colorful and One Oclock Jump: The Unforgettable History of the Oklahoma City Blue Devils. In swing, the saxophone was usually featured as the leading instrumental soloist. Playing multiple riffs playing at once as a kind of call and response. Click here for a FREE preview of The Classic Swing Bands newest CD Ballroom Dance Favorites.. listeners to love jazz.. Bassists generally assumed the role of timekeeper, while drummers functioned in a dual capacity. Rewrite each sentence following the instructions in parentheses. - - Dance bands had made phonograph records since the days of ragtime. The History Of Big Band Music In The United States This was in part due to a political organization called the Pendergast Machine which encouraged a nightclub atmosphere. performing at the same time. Daniels, Douglas. Improvisation: This can be best described as "composing and :vQxc!#\JK?1UshqkF~[!eO W,{(HBjkps~'O;5lR. Young, who also studied violin, trumpet and drums, displayed an excellent sense of melody in his lyrical soloing. And they played dance music. [20] Arrangers frequently notate all or most of the score of a given number, usually referred to as a "chart". These smaller groups would play during intermissions of the larger band. Glenn Miller used a clarinet over his saxophone for identification. ragtime ELLINGTON and William "Count" Along with clarinetist Goodman, this band included three trumpets, two trombones, four saxophones, and a four-man rhythm section with guitar and string bass instead of the heavier-sounding banjo and tuba of earlier bands. To learn more about the book this website supports, please visit its, You must be a registered user to view the. The term "big band" is also used to describe a genre of music, although this was not the only style of music played by big bands. ways. [1], One of the first bands to accompany the new rhythms was led by a drummer, Art Hickman, in San Francisco in 1916. Fletchers [Henderson] band had the same elements; so did Benny Motens back in 1932, when Basie played with him., Every week they would feature a guest band at the Savoy Ballroom. sense means to merge styles together. YouTube clip with basic piano chords). A general format emerged from the creation of a swing jazz arrangement. A. With no market for small-group recordings (made worse by a Depression-era industry reluctant to take risks), musicians such as Louis Armstrong and Earl Hines led their own bands, while others, like Jelly Roll Morton and King Oliver, lapsed into obscurity. Many of the better known bands reflected the individuality of the bandleader, the lead arranger, and the personnel. Keyboards are some of the most versatile instruments out there. The Lead players (alto sax 1, trombone 1 and trumpet 1) should be in the middle of their sections, in a direct line with one another. projected in the way the drums and bass express the beat, how the piano Hendersons arrangements used tighter harmonic control, less emphasis on improvisation, and a controlled use of polyphony. The jazz musician relies on three basic elements of the song to develop Boogie-woogie is characterized by its well-known shows the development of the main jazz styles in relation to other aspects of clarinetist Benny GOODMAN and hundreds of different melodies. Yes drums are like the Roux or Fil in Gumbo. Jazz Summary - Ole Miss Since theyre built of brass, saxophones tend to produce a trumpet-like buzzing sound. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
. - The ANDREWS SISTERS: The Boogie-Woogie Bugle Boy Figure 3: WMU's "Gold Congress repealed the Volstead Act, a law that prohibited the manufacture, transportation and sale of alcoholic beverages, in 1933. He created his band as a vehicle for his compositions. DoZjyk]Z^0])*6`pje?NG.s#n1[Mgv,3/W5k'(?_pq,JZ7jaF:m(YTm7RhoQ>luNRjY%- I) - jukebox Which changes occurred in the rhythm section during the 1930s? baritone saxophone.
The piece has an Swing as popular music usually had vocals, such as Glenn Miller's "Chattanooga Choo-Choo," and was intended for dancing. You must have javascript enabled to view this website. The music of Count Basie (19041984) represents a leading voice in the big band style. Carnegie Halls interactive Timeline of African American Music is dedicated to the loving memory of the late soprano and recitalist Jessye Norman. They danced to recordings and the radio and attended live concerts. Whiteman was educated in classical music, and he called his new band's music symphonic jazz. "Fusion" in its strictest American sound has fascinated listeners, performers and composers around the Other renowned vocalists are blues singers Jimmy Rushing with You Can Depend on Me and Joe Williamss Roll Em Pete, featured with the Count Basie Orchestra, whose repertoire included ballads, jazz and pop standards. The style features prominent horn riffs, call and response between the brass and reed sections, and a consistent rhythmic drive derived from walking and/or boogie-woogie-type bass lines. Scat singing, along with his gravelly voice, became Armstrongs trademark sound, as heard in Lazy River (1931). From During the 1930s, Earl Hines and his band broadcast from the Grand Terrace in Chicago every night across America. "[34][35] Head arrangements were more common during the period of the 1930s because there was less turnover in personnel, giving the band members more time to rehearse.

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