Coal miner Bill Keating composed the ballad Down, Down, Down to break my loneliness and to show my mule I was in a friendly mood., President John L. Lewis, United Mine Workers, convention badge, 1936. Income statistics of full time professional women were published in study by the Association of Business and Professional Women. No. Shows the average weekly wages of various occupations in 8 different industries in Budapest. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Apr 1926, Shows the average retail prices of various foodstuffs throughout Switzerland. Shows weekly wages for male and female workers in common industries such as textile manufacture and mining, and also more uncommon like ice cream manufacture and hospitality services. Includes the states of RI, NJ, OH, DE, OK, MO, GA, TN, AR, KY, SC, AL and MS. The strike was officially called to a halt on March the 3rd 1985. Shows the hourly and weekly wages for 12 principal industries throughout Germany. Data gathered by the National Industrial Conference Board (a group of industry associations) which used European government publications for information. NOTE: Forhouseholdincome data for 1929, we recommend a1934 Brookings Institution report titled America's Capacity to Consume. But on some weeks, a miner might work only two or three days because the railroad failed to supply enough coal cars, or because the mine needed repairs. Source: Shows the weekly wages of various occupations in Vienna. 467. Broken out by men's and women's jobs. along with the country of origin, value in that country, transportation charges, duty charges and retail price in the U.S. Includes a photo of most items. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages of day laborers, farm hands, clerks, bookkeepers, government employees, and army members in Lithuania. COST OF LIVING Taken from the 1921 U.S. Department of Agriculture Yearbook, starting on page 804. This earlier catastrophe outraged Mother Jones, who spoke of it often on her organizing campaign that year, and it had triggered public pressure to improve the states mine safety laws. In 1900 almost 2 percent of Americans were coal miners. Miners would lie on their backs and use a pick to undercut the coal. Patterns for sewing children's clothes, stockings, union suits, toys, bicycles. Fixtures, chamberpots, bathroom soaps, towels, toilet paper. Its an era of company town labor we are not likely to see return as automation and renewable energy continue to render these kinds of occupations obsolete. Dresses, dresses (in color), coats, bonnets and coats, hats, shoes, girl's toys. See also "C" tab above for carpenters, cement workers, etc. Shows pay for those involved in "1st class New York City productions" including actors of various levels (from chorus to leads) as well as directors, designers, scene painters, stage hands, etc. Indicates prices per kilowatt-hour by areas and cities. The legislature rejected all proposals for reform, however. Coffee cost an average 47 per pound in 1920. In some cases, when a shot backfired out of the hole, it ignited coal dust or gas in the miners room and sent fire bursting into the main tunnel, where it could burn or suffocate the mules and their drivers passing through. After the top fell, they returned to break and load the fallen coal before another layer of the top came crashing down with a tremendous roar. Besides know-how, the miners depended upon instinct and luck. Between 12th and 14th Streets After undercutting the face, the collier turned the crank on a five-and-a-half-foot-long breast auger and pushed with all his weight to bore a hole high on the face. Shows firemen salaries for 25 American cities including New York City, Chicago, New Orleans, Indianapolis, Buffalo, Boston, Detroit, Cleveland, St. Louis, Kansas City and more. Wages are shown in both contemporary Yen and US dollars. Religious organizations -Salaries, 1929in. 8836. Details the price of clothing for men, women, boys and girls on pp. Engineers working for Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Co. used this model to visualize the coal seams and design their mines. Wages are shown in Italian lire. Read more Employment in coal mining industry in the United Kingdom (UK) 1920-2021 . Some picked slate and other debris out of the coal on fast-moving conveyor belts. Wages are shown in both Italian lire and contemporary U.S. dollars. Source: Source: Canada Department of Labor report. For example, a dollar earned in 2020 had the same buying power as 7 in 1928. University of Missouri, Columbia (Click image for detail), Marie Concannon, Government Information Librarian Coal industry labor strikes were common from the turn of the century up through the 1930s, as were catastrophic workplace injuries and the prevalence of black lung disease. Some stopped the cars by jamming pieces of wood into the spokes. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Oct 1927, Shows the average daily wages for 14 different occupations in the Florence district. 5-6. These figures are shown by occupation, sex, and region. Source: Cost of living and family expenditures in Kentucky, Tennessee and Texas. Careless miners always fail. Shows the average daily wages of workers in various industries in Riga as well as other parts of Latvia. 285, Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Source: BLS. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of foodstuffs and other staple goods in the Mexican capital. Bonus. In the US, coal mining is a shrinking industry. Managers worried about competition, costs, and controlling workers who spoke multiple languages and labored out of view. Details the price of various building materials on pp. Source: Shows the average hourly wages for various occupation both in and outside of Paris. Source: page 13 in. In West Virginia, where mineswere cut near the mountaintops, the overburden was looser and more prone to collapse than in the deeper shaft mines of the North. Shows salaries for officers, managers, clerks, operators, etc. Shows data for Washington DC, Los Angeles, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroitand otheradditional cities on pages5-9. Published 1921. Fearful of the danger, frightened by the blackest darkness he could imagine, and repelled by the coal dust that clung to him like a layer of skin, Washington vowed to get an education and rise out of the coal pits, just as he had risen up from slavery.. The Miners' Strike of 1984-5: an oral history Shows prices by month and year. It was usually undertaken by women, and sometimes children. Source: Click "more" for direct links to each occupation. Chart indicates hourly earnings ranges for piecework at automobile manufacturing companies in Germany. In the late 1800s mining was rough physical labor. Every workingman was supposed to have his turn when it came to getting an empty coal car, because each collier deserved an equal opportunity to get his load to the weigh station. Shows family expenditures by category. Table shows average tax by acre for each state in 1929. Lengthy article reports how much educators earned in Illinois' high schools in 1920-1921. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, July 1930. Shows wages and hours for union bricklayers, building laborers, carpenters, cement finishers,hod carriers, inside wiremen, painters, plasterers, plumbers, stonecutters and more. Table shows average cost to rent houses by the number of rooms in each of 25 New Zealand cities and towns. Covers the states of NH, VT, MA, CT, KY, SC, AL, MO, KS, IA and OH. Scroll forward and back to see the various cities for which average food prices are available. A strong, skilled coal loader might fill five or more cars in a day. Figures expressed in both foreign currency and in dollars. Women's: West Virginias mine safety laws were the weakest in the nation. By law, judges earned 1,500 per year. "A good hotel room costs only $4-5 per day while a hospital charges $6 and $7." Immigrants in southern West Virginia comprised some 25 nationalities, including Italians, Hungarians, Poles, Austrians and Russians. Source: BLS. Check the, Shows the daily rate of Utah coal mining workers in a variety of jobs and occupations. Bedroom: Wages are shown in German marks. Source: BLS, Shows the hourly, daily, and weekly earnings in Milan for various industries. Shows the weekly earnings for 9 occupations in Amsterdam, Haarlem, the Hague, and Rotterdam. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of foodstuffs and other necessities throughout different areas of Denmark such as Copenhagen. Jump directly to prices for: meats and eggs, butter, cheese, milk, bread and flour, corn meal, rice, potatoes, granulated sugar, coffee and tea, onions, navy beans, prunes, raisins, canned salmon, evaporated milk, margarine, lard, oats, corn flakes, wheat cereal, macaroni, canned baked beans, canned corn, canned peas, canned tomatoes, bananas, oranges, and more. Shows average value of mortgaged homes, average debt remaining on the mortgages and average interest paid on mortgages annually, for 68 cities of 100,000 or more population. Occupations wages shown in 1930 US dollars. Tables 6-13 show farm land prices by county in IA, MN, ND, ID, OH, KY, NC and TX. Others opened large wooden doors just before speeding cars passed through. Shows the average weekly wages for a variety of occupations and industries in New Zealand. Details the prices of appliances, furniture, and more household items on pp. Source: BLS. Shows average dollar amount spent annually in categories such as food, clothing, maintenance of health, personal goods, furniture and more. To view an issue of interest, select it from the list and click View. During the first three decades of the 20th century, African Americans comprised about 25 percent of all southern West Virginia miners. 358, Average hours and earnings by occupation and district. Tomorrow night at 9pm PBSs American Experience will broadcast The Mine Wars, based on the book. Coal miners homemade prosthetic leg, about 1950. Wages shown in contemporary US dollars. Coal mining jobs - Hours and earnings, 1919-1933; Coal mining wages by state, 1923 Source: Miners' wages and the cost of coal: an inquiry into the wages system., pp. Keep your hand upon the dollar, Prices shown in marks. Industries and occupations included are toilers, manufacturing, construction, mining, and more. The miners dressed in overalls, or bank clothes, for working the coal banks and wore cloth caps fitted with small oil lamps that lit their way in the tunnels. Wages are shown in contemporary U.S. dollars. MERCHANDISE Source: BLS, Shows the average wages of Spanish agricultural workers in different cities. Separate listings forinspectors, police superintendents, captains, sergeants, privates, etc. A good blast could bring down a ton or more of coal from the fractured face. When young Frank Keeney walked through a mine portal in 1892, perhaps an older miner, maybe a neighbor, offered him some words of consolation or, at least, instruction as they traveled in and outof the mine on what was known as a man trip. Or he might have heard some words of warning from the older boys who led the mules and coal cars back and forth through the door he tended. Source: Shows wages, hours and earnings for mechanics, pipe fitters, welders, tinsmiths derrick men, drillers, firemen, engineers and more. Other enslaved African Americans escaped from the salt works to Ohio, a free state only 60 miles away. PDF Wage Chronology: Anthracite Mining Industry, 1930-66 : Bulletin of the Tables are broken down by type of job, gender of employee, and geography. Wages are shown in both US and English currency. The carpenters, mechanics, mule skinners, and other mine employees, who enjoyed no such latitude, were known by pit-face miners as company men. By contrast, the pit-face miners saw themselves as autonomous workmen who labored for themselves as well as for the company. Source: This table provides average yearly wages per industry or trade type, including transportation, education and agriculture, among others. A man sometimes had to get down on his hands and knees, with his left shoulder, well padded, against the car, bracing himself with his toes against the ties and the dirt of the floor, wrote a former miner, while his partner controlled the brakes to keep the car from rolling back on the pusher if he slipped or grew tired. Back injuries, broken legs, and severed feet and fingers were common. During the Great Depression output was nearly halved from 680 million tons to 360 million. Sometimes they hired guards or brought in government troops to maintain order and control strikers. See "Blood donation" in. Source: American Druggist, January 1923 issue. Shows breakouts for automobile manufacture, cigar making, boots/shoe making, men's clothing, iron/steel and more. Source: Covers elementary schools and junior high schools in American cities with populations of 2,500 or more. Source: BLS, Shows the average wage rates for 19 different occupations in Hamburg, Germany. Shows the daily wages of Chilean miners between 1911 and 1924 in both pesos and the U.S. dollar. Wages are shown in Japanese yen. This was the room and pillar method of mining common in the Appalachian bituminous coalfields. 297. House paints, paint brushes, doors & windows, wrench sets, home improvement tools, steel safes, fencing, garden tools, wrenches & other assorted tools, water pumps, plows, milk cans, gasoline-powered generators. After they loaded coal from the fallen pillars, the colliers and their helpers pushed their cars out into the main entry as fast as possible before sections of the roof collapsed. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (July 1930), Shows the average wages of multiple occupation in the mining industry. The wage data is broken out by sex. Source: BLS, Shows the average pay for a 48 hour week throughout 5 different industries in Milan. A miners compulsion to load as much coal as possible was tempered by experience, however. Watch the rocks, theyre falling daily, Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages for various occupations in 6 different industries in Japan. Shows salaries for teachers ofkindergarten, elementary school, junior high, high school, vocational school, college, and normal schools (teacher training academies). He also absorbed the habits and traditions that gave pick and shovel miners a remarkable degree of freedom. Without a match he walked, hands held in front of his body, until, by chance, someone found him and gave him a light. An increase in annual vacation pay was also stipulated.Wage Chronology: Bituminous . Some occupations covered include telephone operators, waitresses, hotel maids, chambermaids, elevator girls, laundry workers, retail clerks, and factory workers in the wood working industry. Many of the reports can be found in. Table 25 shows additional breakouts for skilled and white collar workers by region (. 523. Each table is for a different New Zealand city. of Agriculture report. See quartile, "Women in Alabama industries: a study of hours, wages and working conditions," Women's Bureau Bulletin #34 (. 664. Boys labored inside, sorting coal by size and removing rock. Wages are expressed in both foreign currency and dollars. Pennsylvania's investment in anthracite iron paid dividends for the industrial economy of the state and proved that coal could be adapted to a number of industrial pursuits. Compensationby job titlefor New York City, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, San Francisco and more cities. 408, Shows the wages of a variety of occupations in the capital of Argentina. Source: The tables show pay for employees engaged in the manufacture of automobiles, trucks, car bodies and parts. PRICES in FOREIGN COUNTRIES, WAGES -- GENERAL SOURCES (all occupations and worker types), WAGES in AIRPLANE and AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING, 1920s. Source: The cost of living among wage-earners, Cincinnati OH, pp. Cottage and bungalow home designs with illustrations and floor plans in the "Wardway homes" catalog. Wages are shown in Czech krone. On one hand, the miners discipline and death-defying courage made them ideal industrial soldiers; on the other hand, the qualities the men forged in underground combat with the elementsbravery, fraternal fealty, and group solidarityhardened them for aboveground combat with their employers. Instead of paying miners by the ton, they hired them as employees and paid an hourly wage. Calvin & Hobbes creator Bill Watterson is back. Priced by the single unit. With industrialization, workers lost control of when to start, eat, and end their day. Source: Shows the earnings per hour and week for sawmill workers over a 20 year period. Starts on p. 44. Took into account additional sources of income for farm families, such as income derived from animals or investments. Smoke from explosions of black powder,the reek of oil lamps, and the pervading coal dust made breathable air something of an obsession with the miner, one miner recalled. Owners claimed property rights and managerial entitlements over the workplace. Prices are shown in Japanese yen. Believed to be the worst coal mine disaster ever, an explosion at the Bnxh mine in Liaoning province killed 1,549 people in 1942. Wages are shown in contemporary US dollars. 1974, Early Coal Miner's Wages and Striking | Marion Illinois History $15 - $30. BBC ON THIS DAY | 13 | 1975: Miners set for 35 per cent pay rises Next came preparations for extracting the coal. By 2003 that number had dipped to just 70,000. Tells cost of public transportation and railway fares as well. All of these mines included a main entry, or portal, and a second tunnel, or monkey drift, which provided workers with ventilationa barely adequate suction through a surface grate created by a coal fire that burned all day. Prices are shown in either contemporary US dollars or Chinese coppers. Women's and children's clothing - Newcomb, Endicott, and Co. Retail prices for imported merchandise, 1922, Rates charges for hospital services, 1928, Health care costs and expenditures, 1923-1925, Average charges by type of medical complaint, 1929-1930, Public colleges - Tuition by institution, 1921-1922, Private colleges - Tuition by institution, 1921-1922, Howard University School of Medicine - Tuition & expenses, 1920-21, The Undertaker's Trade - Services and Prices, Average funeral cost by state and city, 1927, Cost to mail a letter or postcard, 1863-present, Vacation to Yellowstone National Park - Prices in 1920, Consumption expenditures per capita, 1901-1956, Cost of living increase in U.S. large cities, 1913-1941, Income needed for "minimum subsistence" in cities, 1929, Minimum income needed to live in Washington DC, 1920, Cost of living among wage earners, Detroit, 1921, Lynchburg, VA - Cost of living and expenditures, 1928-1929, Ability to pay and standard of living among farmers, 1926, Farm family expenditures in selected states, 1922-1924, Average annual costs of keeping work horses, 1921, Virginia - Cost of living and expenditures, 1928-1929, Calculator: Present-day purchasing power of a historic dollar amount, Consumer Price Index Inflation Calculator, Canada - Food and rents by province and city, 1923, Canada - Prices of staple foods, fuel and rent in 1913, 1920-1927, Retail Prices in Czechoslovakia, 1914-1921, Clothing prices - Great Britain, 1914-1921, New Zealand - Food and cigarette retail prices by city, 1921. equal opportunity/access/affirmative action/pro-disabled and veteran employer. Purchasing power is represented in its equivalence in horses, wheat, the yearly wages of a skilled tradesperson, and others. Teacher salaries for. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily or monthly wages for various occupations in 5 different cities in Brazil. Bicycles, binoculars, footballs & basketball supplies, ice skates, athletic gear, boxing, baseball, & tennis supplies, fishing tackle, camping gear, guns. Coal loaders at the face depended on mule drivers and motor men to honor the old tradition of a square turna custom through which colliers sought to control output and equalize earning opportunities by ensuring that each miner would receive the same number of cars during a workday, in the words of a mine industry historian. Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages of workers in the glass factories of northern France. $180 - $5k. See data considerations for explanation. - Earnings, 1929, Farm workers' wages and income,1909-1938, Male farm labor average wages by state, 1929, Airplane pilot (commercial) - Salary, 1929, Barbers and hairdressers - Earnings, 1929, Baseball, major league - Player and umpiresalaries, 1929, Union wages in construction trades, 1913-1930, Union carpenter wages in selected cities for 1924-1925, Average hourly carpenter wage in U.S. for 1926, Carpenter wages for 1920-1928 for twelve major U.S. cities, Cement industry job wages and hours, 1929, Coal mining jobs - Hours and earnings, 1919-1933, Domestic (household) service - Male workers' wages, Executive salaries in private businesses, 1924, Teachers and principals' salaries by city, 1921-1922, School personnelsalaries by sex in selectedcities, 1926, Teacher's salaries by school level, 1924-1928, Illinois teachers salaries in high schools, 1920-1921, New York state teachers' salaries, 1920-1932, North Carolina teacher salaries by race, 1922, Texas school personnel salaries (white only), 1872-1953, Firemen and fire department salaries by city, 1927, Foundryand machine shop jobs - Wages and hours, 1923-1931, Administrative and supervisors pay in federal government, 1926, Iron and steel industry wages and hours, 1907-193, Lumber industry job wages and hours, 1921-1932, Military pay for officers on active duty - 1926, Mining metals - Wages and hours, 1924 and 1931, Mining - anthracite and bituminous coal, 1922 and 1924, Metalliferous mining job wages and hours, 1924, Nursing - Average salaries for public health and institutional nurses, 1927, Petroleum industry - Wages by occupation and state,1920, Seamen and firemen on ocean ships - Wages, 1914-1918, Slaughtering and meat-packing industry, 1921-1929, Street laborers (unskilled) - Wages and hours, 1928, Telegraph and cable industry - wages and salaries, 1922, Telephone industry - average compensation per employee, 1922, Typical fees charged for veterinary visits are described, 1926 annual salaries for individual veterinarians, Wages for thousands of occupations, indexed alphabetically - 1929, Manufacturing job hours and earnings, 1919-1960, Factory employee average annual wages - 1921, 1923, Industrial home work - Earnings, early 1920s, Automobile tire manufacturing wages, 1923, Motor vehicle industry job wages and hours, 1922-1928, Airplanes and aircraft engines manufacture - Hours and earnings, 1929, Boot, shoe, hosiery and underwear manufacturing wages, 1907-1920, Clothing (men's) manufacturing wages & hours, 1911-1932, Hosiery and underwear manufacturing - Wages & hours, 1907-1932, Woolen and worsted goods manufacturing: 1910 to 1930, Woolen and worsted goods manufacturing, 1907-1922, Furniture manufacturing industry - Wages and hours, 1910-1931, Pottery industry job wages and hours, 1925, Paper box-board industry job wages and hours, 1926, Professional and business women - Salaries and income, 1927, Library assistants - Earnings by city, 1923, Women employed as cleaners, maids, and elevator operators in Washington DC, 1920, Women's wages in the candy industry in St. Louis and Chicago, 1920-1921, Women's wages in candy industry - St. Louis, 1920-1921, Women employed as household servants in Philadelphia - late 1920s, Women's wages, hours, and earnings - South Carolina, 1921, Women in Tennessee industries - Hours, wages and working conditions, 1925, Colorado - Wages by occupation and industry, 1928, Union workers' annual earnings - New Haven CT, 1927, Teenagers' wages by occupation and sex in Detroit, 1922, Wage in the Missouri shoe industry, 1913-1922, Public school employee salaries - New York City, 1928, Ohio - Average annual wages and salaries by occupation, 1916-1932, Development of minimum wage laws in the U.S., 1912-1927, Minimum wage laws of the U.S., construction and operation, 1921, Wages by occupation in Buenos Aires, 1926, Buenos Aries - Average Wages, 1922, 1926, 1928-1929, Minimum wages in Sydney and Melbourne, 1914 and 1921, Wages and cost of living in Austria, 1920, Farm help wages in Canadian provinces by sex, 1920s, Wages by occupation in Canadian cities, 1920, Wages by occupation in Canadian cities, 1921, Wages by occupation in Canadian provinces, 1924-26, Wages and hours of labour - Canada, 1920-1926, Wages in boot and shoe industries in France, 1924, "Real wages" in Germany by industry, 1923, Automobile manufacturing wages in Germany, 1929, Wages and hours in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1924, average weekly earnings by industry and sex, Wages by industry in Great Britain, 1914-1921, Wages in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1924-1928, Wages in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1924-1932, Agricultural trades - Minimum wage in Great Britain, 1920, Building trades - Wages by city in the UK, 1920, Iron and steel industry wages in Great Britain, 1926, Coal miner earnings in Great Britain, 1921-23, Judges of county courts (UK) - Salary, ca.
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