TN, NMF, SB, EV, SRS, DDA, and AMP developed the methodology. On 13 December, Denmark released data showing that hospitalization rates for people infected with Omicron seemed to be on a par with those for people infected with other variants. N. Engl. COVID-19 incidence and death rates among unvaccinated and fully vaccinated adults with and without booster doses during periods of Delta and Omicron variant emergence25 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4December 25, 2021. * Data are from a weighted sample of hospitalized nonpregnant adults with completed medical record abstractions and a discharge disposition. Children and COVID-19: state data report. N. Engl. Morb. Baden, L. R. et al. Wkly. Open 5, e2233273 (2022). The risk of hospitalisation appeared to increase when comparing delta with alpha infections. Characteristics and maternal and birth outcomes of hospitalized pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19COVID-NET, 13 states, March 1August 22, 2020. and statistical significance was assessed at two-sided p0.05. Rep. 71, 429436 (2022). https://doi.org . Department of Health and Human Services. The funders played no direct role in the study. State data show the average age for COVID deaths was about 80 in late 2020, but dropped in spring 2021 to as low as 69 after most older adults received their first COVID vaccines. COVID Data Tracker Weekly Review | CDC Age-adjusted rates were calculated by dividing the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients by population estimates for race/ethnicity, and vaccination status in the catchment area. The stats are for COVID-associated hospitalizations, which may include people for whom COVID-19 was not the primary reason for admission. Sect. Thank you for visiting nature.com. Shook, L. L. et al. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7112e2. MMWR and Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report are service marks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Maternal vaccination was protective, but protection was lower during Omicron than during Delta. Selected counties in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm). The average age of participants was 60.8 years, and 92.0% were White. Pediatr. Black adults accounted for a higher percentage of hospitalizations during the Omicron-predominant period (26.7%) than during the Delta-predominant period (22.2%, p = 0.05). Persons who received only 1 vaccine dose of a 2-dose series 14 days before the SARS-CoV-2 test date or had received a single dose of either a 1- or 2-dose vaccination series <14 days before the positive SARS-CoV-2 test result were considered partially vaccinated and were not included in rates by vaccination status. Jackson, M. L. & Nelson, J. C. The test-negative design for estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness. Corresponding author: Christopher A. Taylor, iyq3@cdc.gov. Includes current treatment or recent diagnosis within the previous 12 months of an immunosuppressive condition or use of an immunosuppressive therapy. Proportions between the pre-Delta and Delta period were compared using chi-square tests; p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant, adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction method. How likely is COVID-19 hospitalization for vaccinated Americans? - USAFacts https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm, ** https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262356v1, On August 13, 2021, CDCs Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) issued the first of several recommendations for additional or booster doses of COVID-19 vaccine. Hospitalization rates during peak Omicron circulation (January 2022) among unvaccinated adults remained 12 times the rates among vaccinated adults who received booster or additional doses and four times the rates among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7050e2.htm, Adults who completed their primary COVID-19 vaccination series were defined as those who had received the second dose of a 2-dose primary vaccination series or a single dose of a 1-dose primary vaccine product 14 days before receipt of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result associated with their hospitalization but received no additional or booster dose. *** An additional 172 (3.4%, 95% CI = 2.7%4.2%) adults were partially vaccinated, 69 (0.9%, 95% CI=0.61.2) received a primary vaccination series <14 days before receiving a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, and 186 (4.1%) had unknown vaccination status; these groups are not further described in this analysis. TN, NMF, SFlax, MC, DDA, AMP, and ST conceptualised the work. We conducted secondary sensitivity analyses restricting the population to infants who received at least one SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021;70:108893. 1). The difference between the two studies might be due to population characteristics and the timing of follow-up as ours went through May 31, 2022, while the Norwegian study ended in April 2022. How the Omicron Surge Is Taxing Hospitals - Healthline First, COVID-19associated hospitalizations might have been missed because of hospital testing practices and test availability. 182, 825831 (2022). ISSN 2041-1723 (online). During the first 6 months of life, 940 (3.10%) infants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and 10 (0.03%) infants were hospitalized with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. J. Pediatr. TN, NMF, WH, and SA wrote the software. PubMed The group raised concerns about a small number of Guillain-Barre syndrome cases in vaccine recipients and wanted more data, especially on efficacy in those at highest risk. However, a milder virus could still put pressure . The cumulative monthly age-adjusted hospitalization rate during January 2022 among unvaccinated adults (528.2) was 12 times the rates among those who had received a booster or additional dose (45.0) and four times the rates among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose (133.5). Nat Commun 14, 894 (2023). Still, even with a smaller percentage of people getting severely ill during the Omicron wave, a large number of cases over a short time can lead to a spike in people being hospitalized or admitted . You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. J., Fireman. Author's reply, Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the DNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (ZyCoV-D): the interim efficacy results of a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in India, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MRC Biostatistics Unit COVID-19 Working Group, Cases, hospital admissions, and hospital attendances in those with delta and omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants, between Nov 29, 2021, and Jan 9, 2022, Risk of hospitalisation and mortality for COVID-19 cases with omicron compared with delta, overall and by age group, Estimated HRs for vaccination categories, secondary analysis. 41, e81e86 (2022). Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Members receive almost all their medical care at KPNC-owned facilities, including clinics, hospitals, pharmacies, and laboratories. Vaccine 40, 656665 (2022). Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted in Israel's second-largest . We calculated vaccine effectiveness (VE) as 100% multiplied by 1HR. The TND is designed to better control for bias related to health care-seeking behavior31,32. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Nature Communications (Nat Commun) 3501 et seq. Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Voysey, M., Pollard, A. J., Sadarangani, M. & Fanshawe, T. R. Prevalence and decay of maternal pneumococcal and meningococcal antibodies: a meta-analysis of type-specific decay rates. Relative to the Delta-predominant period, the proportion of cases in non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islanders also increased, whereas the proportion in all other racial and ethnic groups decreased. The cohort analyses may be biased toward the null if some infected infants were misclassified as uninfected due to the absence of a SARS-CoV-2 test result in the medical record. Effectiveness of BNT162b2 vaccination during pregnancy in preventing hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 in infants. The data cannot be shared publicly because the data contain potentially identifying or sensitive patient information and is legally restricted by Kaiser Permanente Northern California. During the study period, the omicron variant experienced a rapidly increasing incidence, whereas the delta variant was experiencing a decreasing or less rapidly increasing incidence. WHO/Europe | The Omicron variant: sorting fact from myth Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on the In-Hospital Prognosis of Patients In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Google Scholar. Sarah J. Evaluation of the relative virulence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants: a retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada. These trends could result in epidemic phase bias if infection severity is correlated with time from infection to test. Hospitalizations of Children Aged 5-11 Years with Laboratory Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. American Academy of Pediatrics. Data from the COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) were analyzed to compare COVID-19associated hospitalization rates among adults aged 18 years during B.1.617.2 (Delta; July 1December 18, 2021) and Omicron (December 19, 2021January 31, 2022) variant predominance, overall and by race/ethnicity and vaccination status. Omicron Is Not More Severe for Children, Despite Rising Hospitalizations More children are being treated for Covid, but a combination of factors, including low vaccination rates, most. . Vaccinated patients during the Delta wave were 37% (over with two doses), while during the Omicron wave they were 57%. N. Engl. O.Z. * Information on the impact that booster or additional doses of COVID-19 vaccines have on preventing hospitalizations during Omicron predominance is limited. Three recent epidemiological studies found that vaccination during pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants during their first 4 months of life and a reduced risk of hospitalization during the first 5 months of life17,18,19. Vaccine effectiveness for 1 dose during the first 6 months of life was 68% (95% CI: 12, 88) (Table2). 241(d); 5 U.S.C. To account for the correlation between infants with the same mother, we fit marginal Cox proportional hazards models using robust sandwich variance estimates. The report found that, during the omicron wave 6,743.5 per 100,000 unvaccinated people were contracting COVID-19 and 187.8 per 100,000 were hospitalized. Garg S, Patel K, Pham H, et al. Vaccinated patients were older (68 vs. 57 years), and 62% had at least one comorbidity Admission to the ICU was 20%, and the mortality rate at 30 days was 14%. Among fully vaccinated people without a booster, rates were lower at 3,355.5 per 100,000 for COVID-19 cases and 35.4 per 100,000 for hospitalizations. NMF, SB, SFunk, ACG, DDA, and AMP acquired funding. Am. Adults with a positive result whose SARS-CoV-2 test date was 14 days after the first dose of a 2-dose series but <14 days after receipt of the second dose were considered partially vaccinated. Hospitalization rates during peak Omicron circulation (January 2022) among unvaccinated adults remained 12 times the rates among vaccinated adults who received booster or additional doses and four times the rates among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose. Additional COVID-NET methods for determining vaccination status have been described previously. Late last year, as Omicron was spreading fast in the US, hospitalization rates per 100,000 rose sharply among unvaccinated adults, while rates in those who were fully vaccinated remained. But those countries have high vaccination rates, and there, too, Omicron has spread most quickly among younger adults. The exposure of interest was mRNA COVID-19 vaccination status during pregnancy in the electronic health record. Further information on research design is available in theNature Portfolio Reporting Summary linked to this article. A WHO spokesman says China informed the WHO about the case, which involves a 53-year-old woman, on Feb 24. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:1328. "The subpopulations with the highest risk should be considered a priority for COVID-19 therapeutics and further booster doses.". COVID-19 hospitalizations look different in the Omicron wave, and Annually, approximately 40,000 births occur at KPNC facilities. The infection fatality rate from Covid-19 fell more than 10-fold from a little more than 1 per cent in January 2021 to 0.1 per cent in July as the UK's vaccination campaign was rolled out, and . The study was conducted among a cohort of infants born between December 15, 2020, and May 31, 2022. The development of a standardized neighborhood deprivation index. After the emergence of the Omicron variant, the rate of COVID-19 hospitalizations in the United States was 10.5 times higher in unvaccinated adults and 2.5 times higher in those who were vaccinated but received no booster than in booster recipients, according to a new study. Graff, K. et al. ** Monthly incidence among adults who received booster or additional doses was calculated by summing the total number of COVID-19 patients with booster or additional doses hospitalized over all days of the month and dividing by the sum of adults with booster or additional doses in the underlying population for each day of the month. This method was also used for calculations in unvaccinated persons and those who received a primary series but not a booster or additional dose.. Delta period: July 1, 2021December 18, 2021, reflects the time when Delta was the predominant circulating variant; Omicron period: December 19, 2021January 31, 2022, reflects the time when Omicron was the predominant circulating variant. Laurie M. Billing and Kenzie Teno report grants from the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists during the conduct of the study. We observed that infants protection through vaccination during pregnancy decreased as they aged from 2 months to 6 months. The study was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease grant # 1R01AI168373-01 to O.Z. By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider Views equals page views plus PDF downloads. Child hospitalization rates reach record highs amid Omicron's surge J. Med. Children born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California from December 15, 2020, through May 31, 2022. Effectiveness of Two Doses of BNT162b2 Vaccine before and during Proxy Omicron Period. CDC Charts Show Hospitalization Rates for Unvaxxed, 2 Doses, 3 Doses Maternal vaccination and risk of hospitalization for Covid-19 among infants. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:134754. J. Med. E.L. coordinated administrative tasks. J. Med. Omicron and the vaccines: Your questions answered | AAMC Starting the week ending December 4, 2021, Maryland data are not included in calculations but are included in previous weeks. It's not clear which variant might have been associated with these hospitalizations. ***** An additional 172 (3.4%, 95% CI=2.7%4.2%) adults were partially vaccinated, 69 (0.9%, 95% CI=0.61.2) received a primary vaccination series <14 days before a positive for SARS-CoV-2 test result, and 186 (4.1%) had unknown vaccination status; these groups are not further described in this analysis. For infants, we included age, as a categorical time-changing variable in 30-day increments. Hospitalization of Infants and Children Aged 0-4 Years with Lab These persons are excluded from the proportions of race/ethnicity but are included in other analyses. Foo, D., Sarna, M., Pereira, G., Moore, H. C. & Regan, A. K. Longitudinal, population-based cohort study of prenatal influenza vaccination and influenza infection in childhood. Nature Communications thanks Annette Regan, Olof Stephansson and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Ann Intern Med 2021;174:140919. The study did not adjust for maternal SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy due to the inability of capturing home testing results. New charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more severe disease and more hospitalizations, Insider's Catherine Schuster Bruce reported. However, in contrast with the Norwegian study which reported that infants of mothers who were vaccinated had a 33% decreased risk of testing positive during the first 4 months of life during the Omicron period17, our study found a 13% reduced risk that was not statistically significant. The proportion of hospitalized adults who received booster or additional doses increased from 1.3% during the Delta-predominant period to 13.4% during the Omicron-predominant period (p<0.01)***; among these, 10.7% were long-term care facility residents and 69.5% had an immunosuppressive condition. Black adults accounted for 25.2% of all unvaccinated persons hospitalized during the Delta-predominant period; that proportion increased by 23%, to 31.0% during the Omicron-predominant period. Additional limitations include the inability to estimate the effectiveness of vaccines received prior to pregnancy onset. Moline HL, Whitaker M, Deng L, et al. Maryland did not contribute data after December 4, 2021, but did contribute data for previous weeks. supervised chart reviews. DeSilva, M. et al. Hobbs, C. V. et al. Omicron up to 70% less likely to need hospital care - BBC News During Omicron predominance, children aged <6 months accounted for 44% of hospitalizations among children ages 04 years3. During the Delta dominant period, the crude incidences of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the first 2, 4, and 6 months of life were lower among infants whose mothers received at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy (0.75, 1.43, and 1.56 infants per 100 person-years [PY], respectively) than those whose mothers were not vaccinated during pregnancy (5.47, 5.10, and 4.78 infants per 100 PYs, respectively). Kids and Omicron: COVID Hospitalizations Soar Among NY Children - NBC Receipt of one dose especially during the third trimester was also associated with a reduced risk of infants testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the first 6 months of life during the Delta dominant period. B, Severe outcomes included hospitalization and death. We excluded these infants because we were primarily interested in estimating the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines received during pregnancy; (7) mothers who received adenovirus vector vaccines or any non-mRNA platform vaccines during pregnancy; (8) mothers who did not receive their mRNA vaccinations in accordance with CDC recommendationse.g., the timing between dose 1 and dose 2 was not within the recommended intervals; and (9) infants who did not become KPNC members within two calendar months of their birth. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in conducted all statistical analysis in collaboration with O.Z. The objective of this study was to further evaluate the effectiveness of at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants during the first 2, 4, and 6 months of life during the Delta and Omicron variant periods. A study from the U.K. government, published last week, found that three doses of vaccine. TN and NMF were responsible for visualisation. Children currently account for about 18.5% of reported COVID-19 cases in the United States1. Covid's Risk to Older Adults - The New York Times Rates were highest among unvaccinated adults and lowest among those who had received a booster or additional dose. J. Med. During the Omicron-predominant period, hospitalization rates increased among unvaccinated persons and those who completed a primary series, with and without receipt of a booster or additional dose (Figure 2). Finally, the COVID-NET catchment areas include approximately 10% of the U.S. population; thus, these findings might not be nationally generalizable. A continuity correction has been applied to the denominators by capping the percent population vaccination coverage at 95% by assuming that at least 5% of each age group would always be unvaccinated in each jurisdiction. During the period of Omicron predominance, hospitalization rates increased most sharply among Black adults in the United States relative to all other racial and ethnic groups examined and reached the highest rate observed among all racial and ethnic groups since the beginning of the pandemic. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Table 2. Libby Reeg reports grants from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services during the conduct of the study. Despite several studies showing that vaccination during pregnancy is safe for pregnant people24,25,26,27,28, vaccine uptake has been suboptimal in this group29. Saving Lives, Protecting People, https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/covid-net/purpose-methods.html, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262356v1, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7050e2.htm, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255, https://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.27.21262356v1, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.22269045v1, https://data.cdc.gov/Vaccinations/COVID-19-Vaccination-Demographics-in-the-United-St/km4m-vcsb, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30479, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic, Psychiatric admission requiring medical care. In the first study, a team led by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) researchers analyzed data on 192,509 hospitalizations from more than 250 hospitals in 13 states participating in the COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network from Jan 1, 2021, to Apr 30, 2022. 552a; 44 U.S.C. 40, e137e145 (2021). In this primary design, all eligible infants meeting inclusion criteria were included without sampling which improved power and minimized bias related to selection. Female sex was a protective factor (HR, 0.52), while residence in a nursing home or low-income area was a risk factor. BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness against omicron in children 5 to 11 years of age. Pre-Omicron versions of Covid, in. N. Engl. Officials have received a growing number of reports of XDR Shigella, which is highly transmissible and resistant to commonly recommended antibiotics, in adults. The state has administered 3.2 million vaccine doses since Dec. 1 alone, but lagging rates between full vaccination and first doses for adults especially (82.6% vs. 95%) are becoming a point of . PubMedGoogle Scholar. Effectiveness of first and second COVID19 mRNA vaccine monovalent Google Scholar. But the average . From this cohort, the study excluded the following infants born to (1) mothers who were not between ages 16 and 50 years at pregnancy onset; (2) mothers who did not have a primary KPNC facility assignment; (3) mothers who were not continuous KPNC members from December 15, 2020 until delivery; (4) mothers who had a positive nasal/throat swab for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prior to pregnancy onset; (5) mothers who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody test documented by KPNC prior to the onset of pregnancy; (6) mothers who received one or more doses of COVID-19 vaccine prior to pregnancy onset. Rep. 69, 10811088 (2020). Infections are rare and can be severe or fatal, but so far scientists don't see genetic changes that pose an increased threat to people. The TND, a case-control study, has been commonly used in studies of the effectiveness of influenza vaccines and more recently COVID-19 vaccines. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:466473. N. Engl. PubMed The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Mortal. Risk of hospitalization and vaccine effectiveness among COVID-19 Although both approaches adjusted for the same confounding factors, the effectiveness estimates from the TND were higher than those from the cohort design, which is consistent with our previous analyses of influenza vaccine effectiveness in which we also observed that the TND tended to result in higher vaccine effectiveness estimates than did our cohort analyses30. We further classified vaccination status by the trimester within which the second dose or the unique dose (for those who received only one dose) was received. Percentages presented for the overall number are weighted row percentages. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. Abbreviation: COVID-NET = COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network. 1CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response Team; 2General Dynamics Information Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; 3California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California; 4Career Epidemiology Field Officer Program, CDC; 5Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment; 6Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut; 7Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; 8Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Georgia Department of Public Health; 9Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia; 10Iowa Department of Public Health; 11Michigan Department of Health and Human Services; 12Minnesota Department of Health; 13New Mexico Emerging Infections Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; 14New York State Department of Health; 15University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; 16Ohio Department of Health; 17Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority; 18Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; 19Utah Department of Health. Rates cannot be stratified by pregnancy status because the underlying population of pregnant women in the catchment area is unknown. Dr. Klein reported receiving grants from Pfizer, Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, and Sanofi Pasteur. A recent study found that the mean titer of maternally derived antibodies in infants of vaccinated mothers were higher at age 2 months compared with antibody titers at age 6 months23. Article Klein, N. P. et al. Lipkind, H. S. et al. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infant protection against SARS-CoV-2 during the first six months of life, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36547-4. It is possible that this practice may have led to some misclassification of the outcome, and we were unable to assess whether this misclassification was differential between vaccinated and unvaccinated mothers.